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Abstract
The study of ecotones is an important direction of modern geography, biology, ecology and other natural sciences. Foreign scientists make a significant contribution to the study of ecotones, directing their efforts to actively study the impact of ecotones on biodiversity, abundance and distribution of species. Particular attention is paid to the study of the «edge effect», when increased biodiversity of ecosystem functions is observed in ecotones, that is, the impact of ecotones on energy and substance flows, nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes, the role of ecotones in regulating the hydrological regime, preventing soil erosion and performing other important functions is studied. Climate change and its impact on the structure and functions of ecotones, the shift of their boundaries and other consequences of global warming are actively studied. Considerable attention is paid to the study of anthropogenic impact on ecotones, in particular, landscape fragmentation, environmental pollution and invasions of alien species, residential ecotones are studied. Numerous studies, using modern methods of remote sensing, GIS technology and modeling, are conducted at universities and research centers in the USA, Canada, China, European countries, South America and Australia, which allows combining the efforts of scientists from different countries. A special contribution to the study of ecotones is made by scientists working in the field of landscape ecology, biogeography and community ecology. Over more than a century of systematic development of landscape research, a fairly wide range of theoretical and applied problems related to the spatial differentiation of the earth's surface in accordance with natural conditions have been posed and, at least partially, solved. Ecotonization is one of the most fundamental laws of the existence of the landscape envelope, which is confirmed in many works. The study of the ecotone organization of socio-natural systems can open new paths to noospheric nature management.
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R. Pardo-Martínez et al (2024). Paleosolcharcoal: 12,700 years of high-altitude Mediterranean vegetation history in relation to forest fires in the southwestern baetic cordillera (Spain) Quaternary International Volume 702, P. 1–12. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381284964_Paleosol_charcoal_12700_years_of_high-altitude_mediterranean_vegetation_history_in_relation_to_forest_fires_in_the_southwestern_baetic_cordillera_Spain (Last accessed : 06.03.2025)
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Foster J. R., & D’Amato, Anthony W. (2014). Montane forest ecotones moved downslope in northeastern USA in spite of warming between 1984 and 2011. Conference: American Geophysical Union AGU Fall Meeting 2014 (At: San Fransisco, CA, USA. Volume: 2014).URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281243753_Downslope_Movement_of_Montane_Forest_Ecotones_in_Northeastern_US_in_Spite_of_Warming_Between_1984_and_2011 (Last accessed: 03.03.2025)
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