DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF SOMATOMETRIC INDICATORS OF BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 5-6 YEARS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF POSTURE

Abstract

Relevance of the research topic. Psychological and pedagogical work with children with special educational needs is becoming extremely important. Physical education is considered to be one of the most important forms of improving the psychophysical state of children aged 5-6 with mental retardation (MR). The purpose of the article is to determine the distinctive somatometric features of 5-6-year-old children with MR with different types of posture. Participants of the study. The experiment involved 15 children aged 5-6 with MR. The following research methods were used to accomplish the tasks: analysis of special scientific and methodological literature, anthropometry, videometry - the data on posture disorders obtained as a result of the analysis were offered for consideration to an orthopedist, who formulated final conclusions about the type of posture of the children aged 5-6 years involved in the experiment, and a pedagogical experiment. Results. It was found that the differences between the average values in groups with different types of posture are small. For example, in terms of body weight, the maximum difference in the groups of boys was 100 grams, and in the groups of girls was 200 grams. Similarly, in terms of body length, the maximum difference in both cases was only 1 cm. In terms of body mass index, the groups of boys differ by a maximum of 0.2 kg/m², and the groups of girls - by 0.38 kg/m². Similarly, according to the Rohrer index, the difference between boys with different types of posture does not exceed 0.28 kg/m², andbetween girls - 0.46 kg/m². Conclusions. It has been established that children aged 5-6 years with ASD differ significantly by sex in absolute and derived weight and height indices (differences between boys and girls in these indices were confirmed as statistically significant, namely: for body length, BMI and IR is at the level of p<0.01, and for body weight is at the level of p<0.05), but with regard to the type of posture, there are no significant differences. It is worth noting that the differences between children with different types of posture within each sex group are not large. In view of the above, we conclude that children aged 5-6 years with ASD differ significantly in body circumference depending on gender. However, when the type of posture is taken into account, no significant differences are observed. Prospects for further research is to theoretically substantiate, develop and experimentally test the technology of correction of biomechanical disorders of spatial organisation of the body of children aged 5-6 years with MR in the process of physical education and sports rehabilitation.