Fitness with preschool children in the natural environment

Abstract

The article examines the significance of fitness activities in the natural environment for preschool children as an effective means of physical education and holistic development. It analyzes pedagogical factors (principles of individualization, variability, nature conformity, methodological features of conducting activities, play-based approaches), physiological factors (age-specific characteristics, natural need for movement, rapid fatigue and recovery), and psychological factors (play motivation, emotional development, characteristics of excitation and inhibition processes, formation of cooperation and socialization skills) that shape the organization of such activities. Nature is considered not only as a setting but also as an active resource for development: terrain, diverse surfaces, and natural objects enhance coordination, strength, endurance, and sensory experience. Both international and national practices of outdoor education and «forest kindergartens» are summarized, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating physical activity with environmental education. The article substantiates the importance of combining motor activity with cognitive tasks, which fosters children’s interest in sports, cultivates ecological awareness, and encourages a positive attitude toward nature. Practical guidelines are provided regarding age-appropriate workload regulation, safety measures, and the use of story-based games, relays, and exercises with natural materials. Seasonal examples of outdoor fitness activities illustrate the broad potential of nature as a «training ground»: running and jumping barefoot in summer, snow-based games in winter, and exercises with leaves or chestnuts in autumn. Particular emphasis is placed on the principles of individualization, variability, and the integration of individual and group forms of activity. It is argued that systematic engagement in outdoor fitness not only strengthens children’s physical health but also promotes social competencies, emotional well-being, and cognitive activity, thereby laying the foundation for a healthy lifestyle. The article offers recommendations for educators and parents on creating a safe and stimulating learning environment that integrates physical activity, play, and exploration of the natural world.