Corrective and preventive actions in the process of professional and applied physical training of students of art specialties with different types of posture

Abstract

Introduction. Each profession requires a high
level of physical fitness and mental qualities,
as well as applied skills, which are based on
the foundation of good physical health. Today,
the problem of poor health and insufficient
physical development of students seems
undeniable. Intensification of the learning
process, mental saturation and insufficient
amount of motor activity cause low level of
physical condition of the student contingent in
general and weakness of their core muscles in
particular. At the same time, the work of
students majoring in "Musical Art" is
characterized by their inappropriate position in
the process of playing instruments, which
provokes prolonged tension of their core
muscles and, accordingly, a number of posture
disorders.
Aim. On the basis of theoretical analysis and
our own research to scientifically substantiate,
develop and experimentally test the
effectiveness of corrective and preventive
actions in the process of professional and
applied physical training of students majoring
in "Musical Art" with different types of
posture to increase the level of their readiness
for professional activity.
Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis 
of scientific and methodological literature,
pedagogical observations, pedagogical the biogeometric profile of posture and video
recording of posture were used. The range of
methods of mathematical statistics used in the
work included descriptive statistics, as well as
the sampling method (within the selected
reliability P for the studied sample size (n1 +
n2) those differences were considered
statistically significant that did not exceed 5%
of the significance level (p) at the number of
degrees of freedom (n1 + n2-2); the conformity
of the samples obtained in the study was
checked on the basis of the normal distribution
law).
Results. The correlation of posture types of
female students of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and,
accordingly, 4th academic years majoring in art
specialties was analyzed. As a result of the
analysis, the negative tendency towards the
reduction of the share of female students with
normal posture over the course of study was
confirmed. The obtained data reveal the
negative dynamics of escalation of posture
disorders of students from the 1st to the 4th
academic year, as well as the highest rates of
such deviations of the musculoskeletal system
in such groups of specializations as "piano,
orchestra, string instruments" and "orchestra
wind and percussion instruments, folk
instruments". The distribution of female
students by the level of biogeometric profile of
posture gives grounds to claim that in the first
year 20.47% of girls have a low level of
posture condition, 37.01% – medium level,
42.52% – high level (among the
representatives of such specialization as
"piano, orchestra, strings instruments" a low
level of posture condition prevails – 36.36%;
among those majoring in the specialization
"orchestra wind and percussion instruments,
folk instruments" a medium level of posture
condition prevails – 56.56%).
Conclusions. Theoretical foundations of
corrective and preventive actions in the
process of professional and applied physical
training of students majoring in "Musical Art"
with posture disorders are the fundamentals of
biomechanics of spatial organization of the
human body, theory, ideas and scientific
provisions of physical culture and sports,
kinesiology, as well as the idea and theory of
pedagogical modeling and planning. Checking
the effectiveness of corrective and preventive
actions in the process of professional and applied physical training of students majoring
in "Musical Art" with different types of
posture turned out to be an important
methodological component of the system of
physical education of students and can be
recommended for wide implementation into
the educational process at different educational
institutions.