Features of the creation of surnames derived from the surnamezirka and their territorial distribution

Abstract

Introduction. The article presents the study of the creation and distribution surnames derived from surname Zirka in Ukraine. It reviews the scientific works of domestic linguists on the theoretical and applied aspects of the study of Ukrainian surnames (see, for example, the works of I. O. Varchenko, V. O. Horpynych and A. I. Kravchenko, A. M. Popovsky, Yu. F. Pradid, Yu. К. Redko, M. L. Khudas, etc.), their lexicographic study both in general (V. M. Demchenko and I. P. Lopushynskyi, A. M. Zosimov, Yu. K. Redko, etc.), and of individual regions of Ukraine in particular (G. L. Arkushyn, V. O. Horpynych, Yu. M. Novikova, etc.), which served as the theoretical and methodological basis of the proposed study.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to investigate the peculiarities of creating surnames from the appellative zemlya, their regional prevalence in Ukraine. Achieving this goal requires the solution of the following tasks: 1) to summarize the works of Ukrainian linguists on the problems of  studying surnames of residents of Ukraine; 2) to single out a microgroup of surnames formed from surnames Zirka; 3) to describe the features of their creation; 4) to characterize the regional prevalence of such surnames in Ukraine.

Methods. The descriptive method and its main methods are used as the main ones in the article: inventory and systematization of language material in synchrony. The work of Ukrainian linguists, who researched the surnames of the residents of Ukraine is the theoretical and methodological basis of the investigation

Result. The materials of the "Ridni" website was the source of the actual material which records 876,000 surnames of residents of Ukraine. It is noted that this microsystem is relatively small (it has only 31 surnames), but on the other hand, it is quite diverse in terms of methods and means of creation. The most common surname of this microsystem is the surname Zirka (493 carriers), which, according to the data of the "Ridni" website, occupies only 10,062 places in the general list of residents of Ukraine, and only one carrier represents the surnames Zirkivskyi, Zirkivska, Zirkov, Zirkova, Zirkii, Zirkach , Zirko-Rubtsova.

The analysis of the factual material shows that most surnames are formed from the base of the surname Zirk-a: Zirk-ivsk-y, Zirk-ovsk-y, Zirk-ov, Zir(k/h)-ak, Zir(k/h)-enk- o, Zir(k/ch)-ik, Zirk-evich, Zirk-o, Zir(k/ch)-uk, Zirk-ach, Zirk-iy (11 surnames in total) and only one each - from the surnames Zyrnyk – Zirny (k/h)-enk-o, Ziryukin – Ziryukin-a, Zirnik – Zirn(k/h)-enk-o, Zirkovsk-yi – Zirkovsk-a, Zirneev – Zirneev-a, Zirkin – Zirkin-a, Zirov – Zirov-a, Zirkivsk-yi – Zirkivsk-a, Zirkov – Zirkov-a.

The most common way of creating surnames derived from the surname Zirka is the suffix (19 surnames). Most often, suffixes -enk- are used to create new surnames: Zir(k/h)-enk-o (63 speakers), Zir-enk-o (31 speakers), Zirni(k/h)-enk-o (16 speakers), Zirny(k/h)-enk-o (7 carriers); - uk(-yuk): Zir(k/h)-uk (16 speakers), Zir-yuk (2 speakers); -ov: Zir-ov (2 carriers), Zirk-ov (1 carrier). 8 female surnames are formed in an inflectional way from the bases of male surnames with the help of the inflection -a: Ziryukin-a (17 carriers), Zirn-a (5 carriers), Zirkovsk-a, Zirneev-a (3 carriers each), Zirkin-a, Zirov -a (2 carriers each), Zirkivsk-a, Zirkov-a (1 carrier each).

In conclusion, it should be said that the problem of origin, peculiarities of creation and distribution in Ukraine surnames derived from other names, rare and merged surnames and some other aspects need to be studied.

Originality. A cursory review of the scientific works of Ukrainian scientists gave reason to conclude that surnames derived from surnames Zirka were not studied in Ukrainian linguistic science, even in connection with the study of other problems.

Keywords: Zirka, peculiarities of creation, suffix method, morpheme suffix, word-forming suffix, prevalence in Ukraine.