Methodological foundations for the use of swimming activities in corrective and health-promoting work with older preschool children

Abstract

Topicality. The contemporary educational process in preschool education institutions requires the development of effective, safe, and accessible means of promoting the health of older preschool children, enhancing their physical activity, and preventing functional disorders. The use of swimming-based activities in corrective and health-promoting work is of particular importance, as the aquatic environment provides favourable conditions for a comprehensive impact on children’s physical, psycho-emotional, and functional well-being. At the same time, the effectiveness of such an approach largely depends on the scientifically substantiated selection of exercises, the appropriate sequencing of their application, and consideration of children’s age-related and individual characteristics.

The purpose of the study – to theoretically substantiate the methodological principles of using swimming-based activities in corrective and health-promoting work with older preschool children.

Material and methods of the research: theoretical research methods; empirical research methods; a pedagogical experiment, including ascertaining, formative, and control stages; methods for assessing physical development and functional status; and methods of mathematical statistics.

Results of the research. The feasibility of systematic use of swimming-based activities as an integral component of corrective and health-promoting work in preschool education institutions has been substantiated. The main methodological principles of organising swimming sessions were identified, including systematicity, gradual progression, accessibility, individualisation, emotional comfort, and safety. The methodology was based on sets of exercises grouped into the following blocks: adaptation, breathing, coordination, corrective and preventive, swimming, play-based, and recovery. A session model was developed that provided for the sequential integration of adaptation, instructional, corrective and health-promoting, and play-based components.

The specific features of selecting exercises aimed at developing correct posture, coordination, strength and speed-strength abilities, improving respiratory function, promoting physical hardiness, and increasing the level of physical activity were identified. Particular attention was paid to the need to combine swimming exercises with corrective, breathing, general developmental, and play-based exercises.

Conclusions. The use of swimming-based activities has considerable corrective and health-promoting potential in work with older preschool children. Scientifically substantiated organization of swimming sessions, consideration of children’s individual capabilities, and compliance with pedagogical and hygienic requirements contribute to comprehensive physical development, health enhancement, the formation of a positive attitude towards physical activity, and increased effectiveness of physical education and health-promoting activities in preschool education institutions.