ФОРМУВАННЯ РЕЗИЛЬЄНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ У ЗАРУБІЖНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31652/2415-7872-2023-75-103-113Ключові слова:
резильєнтність, психологічне благополуччя, майбутні вчителі, професійна підготовка вчителівАнотація
У статті на основі аналізу зарубіжних джерел розкрито сутність резильєнтості як чинника психологічної стійкості вчителів, визначено фактори, від яких вона залежить, і методичні шляхи її цілеспрямованого формування на етапі професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів у закладах вищої освіти. Визначено три підходи до розуміння сутності резильєнтності: диспозиційний, процесуальний і результативний. Диспозиційний підхід полягає в розумінні резильєнтності як відносно стабільної здатності індивіда протистояти негараздам і адаптуватися до них. За процесуального підходу резильєнтність розуміється як динамічний процес: способи і стратегії поведінки, які використовуються індивідом для подолання труднощів, адаптації та відновлення після невдач. Результативний підхід полягає в оцінці резильєнтності на основі фактичних наслідків або результатів, досягнутих індивідом після подолання стресу. З’ясовано, що у відповідності з вказаними підходами резильєнтність у контексті підготовки майбутніх учителів розглядається як здатність, процес і результат: здатність використовувати особистісні та зовнішні ресурси для подолання труднощів; процес, в якому вчитель взаємодіє з професійним контекстом, використовуючи різні стратегії копінг-поведінки; результат, що виявляється у зміцненні професійної спрямованості, зростанні, самовдосконаленні, підвищенні самоефективності, ентузіазму, задоволення від професійної діяльності, досягненні психологічного благополуччя. Зарубіжні дослідники звертають увагу на розвиток у майбутніх учителів резильєнтності як індивідуальної здатності – комплексу особистих ресурсів (мотивації, соціальної компетентності, емоційного інтелекту, оптимізму, внутрішнього локусу контролю), ознайомлення студентів з різними способами мобілізації й використання ресурсів середовища (мереж соціальної підтримки, референтних осіб) та вироблення адаптивних стратегій копінг-поведінки (вирішення проблем, управління часом, підтримання балансу між роботою та особистим життям) для конструктивного подолання проблем і досягнення позитивних результатів (психологічного благополуччя, задоволення від роботи, відданості професії, відчуття власної значущості, професійної заангажованості).
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